The Rivermead Motor Assessment (RMA) assesses the motor performance of patients with strokeAlso called a “brain attack” and happens when brain cells die because of inadequate blood flow. 20% of cases are a hemorrhage in the brain caused by a rupture or leakage from a blood vessel. 80% of cases are also know as a…

The Rivermead Mobility Index (RMI) was developed from the Rivermead Motor Assessment Gross Function subscaleMany measurement instruments are multidimensional and are designed to measure more than one construct or more than one domain of a single construct. In such instances subscales can be constructed in which the various items from a scale are grouped into…

Aquatic interventions are considered applicable to post-stroke rehabilitation as the properties of water support the effects of exercise on recovery. An early Cochrane review (Merholz, Kugler & Pohl, 2011) that looked at the effect of water-based exercise on activitiesAs defined by the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health, activity is the performance of a…

Apraxia is a neuropsychological deficit that interrupts an individual’s ability to perform purposeful movement, in the absence of basic sensorimotor difficulties such as lack of sensation or muscle weakness. Approximately 30% of individuals display apraxia or partial signs of apraxia (i.e. dyspraxia) following strokeAlso called a “brain attack” and happens when brain cells die because…

Robot-assisted upper extremity training consists of repetitive practice of goal-directed exercises and activitiesAs defined by the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health, activity is the performance of a task or action by an individual. Activity limitations are difficulties in performance of activities. These are also referred to as function. of the upper extremities using…

The Orpington Prognostic Score (OPS), also known as Orpington Prognostic Scale, was developed from the Edinburgh Prognostic Score (Prescott, Garraway, & Akhtar, 1982) and the Hodkinson’s Mental Test Score (Qureshi & Hodkinson, 1974) as a means to evaluate strokeAlso called a “brain attack” and happens when brain cells die because of inadequate blood flow. 20%…

The Functional AmbulationThe ability to walk, with or without the aid of appropriate assistive devices (such as canes or walkers), safely and sufficiently to carry out mobility-related activities of daily living (ADLs). From Perry et al (1995), functional ambulation is referred to as walking in parallell bars for exercise at a speed of about 10/cm…

The Activities-specific Balance Confidence Scale (ABC Scale) is a structured questionnaire that measures an individual’s confidence in performing activitiesAs defined by the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health, activity is the performance of a task or action by an individual. Activity limitations are difficulties in performance of activities. These are also referred to as…

Cognitive skills are characterized as basic mental abilities, including a wide variety of mental processes. For example, perception, memory, problem solving, attention, body awareness in addition to many others. Cognitive abilities can be perceived as fundamental processes since they can shape social, emotional, as well as academic learning. In individuals who have sustained a strokeAlso…

Circuit training, also referred to as circuit therapy and circuit class therapy, comprises repetitive practice of task-specific exercises and activitiesAs defined by the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health, activity is the performance of a task or action by an individual. Activity limitations are difficulties in performance of activities. These are also referred to…